Vulnerability analysis of Tehran's ۲۲nd district against urban floods using hydrological and geographical modeling

The growing frequency and severity of urban floods, driven by climate change and rapid urbanization, make resilience assessment crucial. Tehran's District ۲۲, a rapidly developing area with limited drainage infrastructure, faces particularly high flood risks. This study analyzes urban flood resilience in the district by identifying effective factors and critical nodes. Using two-dimensional hydrological modeling with PCSWMM software, both surface and subsurface flows were simulated. A four-dimensional resilience index was developed to provide a comprehensive assessment. Incorporating topographic, land use, drainage network, and population data, spatial and statistical analyses identified urban nodes with the highest and lowest resilience. Results show that while some infrastructure can manage flooding, unbalanced development and non-compliance with engineering standards, especially near faults and channels, have created significant vulnerabilities. The study provides practical recommendations to enhance resilience by improving infrastructure and strengthening management structures, contributing to reducing flood risks in Tehran's District ۲۲.

Keywords:

Tehran , Flood Management , Inundation , Urban Flooding , Urbanization