The future day, the future city and its manifestation in the tomorrows of city-rural connections and relations with an emphasis on climate change, Case study: Iranian cities

The process of urbanization on the one hand and technological development on the other hand have caused rapid changes and transformations in human life and livelihood in cities and villages. The combination of technological processes with globalization processes and other scientific achievements has caused rapid changes and profound transformations in the economy, culture, management, social affairs, physical-physical and various urban and rural structures. Climate change, due to human actions on the surface of the planet, has also caused a series of natural events such as global warming, rising sea levels, the creation of dust centers, the reduction of surface and underground water resources, etc. Climate and weather changes, with a direct impact on the reduction of water resources and the occurrence of droughts in different parts of the world, have caused a decrease in the area under cultivation of agricultural products and difficulties in animal husbandry and other branches and fields of agricultural activities, and ultimately an increase in the income gap between cities and villages and the insufficiency of agricultural incomes for the livelihood and continuity of rural and rural life, and ultimately the continuation and intensification of rural-urban migration. Global economic and institutional-structural urban macro-trends have also ultimately transformed cities into large centers for the provision of services, including various daily human services and superior technical and engineering services and technologies, the establishment of large companies and industries with a wide functional radius, and have caused the impact of past city-rural relations to become more complex and comprehensive relations and the creation of relations and, in later stages, urban-rural links instead of conceptual, operational, and objective relations. These connections occur in a situation where today's city is the driving force, driving engine, and locomotive of regional development in its development process, and in its development processes, it will also subject other human settlements around it to changes and developments and ultimately promote development. The necessity of looking at the issues and problems caused by climate change and the interaction of solutions to overcome these new issues and crises, along with the characteristics and characteristics of the future city and the city of tomorrow and its manifestation in the links between the city and the countryside, makes the necessity of addressing this issue more obvious than ever. Thus, the basic questions and hypotheses of this research are stated below. This research is applied in terms of its nature and purpose, and in collecting information, review-documentary (library) methods have been used. In terms of the method of analyzing information, the descriptive-analytical method has been used. Findings from interviews with elites, experts, and managers specializing in urban issues, especially in the field of urban connections and relations and urban futures studies, have been used with the approach of the effects of climate change on the city and urban development. The information from the interviews has been analyzed with information obtained in other research sources, and different dimensions of the research topic have been extracted, categorized, and refined. Finally, a summary, conclusion, and suggestions have been presented. In examining the various issues raised in the relations, relationships and connections between cities and villages, several cases can be stated, the most important of which are mentioned below. The relations between cities and villages, which have a history as long as the formation and construction of the first cities in the world, have been affected in different historical periods by different historical geographical conditions of the lands and different spatial-spatial trends. One-sided relations, resulting from the relations of dominance and authority of the city over the village, have prevailed in most parts of the world in the past. The village has always been the supplier of food resources, raw materials needed by industries, cheap and abundant labor, and the city has been the source of power and wealth, knowledge, scientific centers of the time, professions and industries, and the supplier of processed goods and tools for rural farmers, the place of concentration of craftsmen, etc. In the last half century, with the development of knowledge, techniques and technology, the acceleration of globalization processes, the emergence of new needs in the field of services and finally with the emergence of climate change, the appearance of cities, urban landscapes and the face of villages have emerged in a new form and glory as a new perspective that has gone beyond the stage of bilateral relations between cities and villages and includes urban-rural links in the form of a series of inter-settlement networks by providing various services from basic to superior services and the formation of a new system of economic and social activities. In the meantime, the progressive and advanced theory of "regional network" has clearly described, explained and refined the new settlement system of the world. This theory can ultimately become an effective background, model and strategy for the development of cities and peri-urban areas with the right to the city as the driving force of development. In the context of climate change in today's world, cities are responsible for reducing the effects and need to adapt to climate change, and comprehensive planning is being implemented to reduce urban pollution, focusing on transportation planning, green space, and creating biophilic cities in cities around the world, especially metropolitan cities. The set of measures and programs will ultimately enable cities to create conditions for resilience against climate change. Other programs in this field include paying serious attention to the issue of reducing water consumption and the need to make available water reserves in the face of fires or to preserve green spaces. Also, conducting studies and subsequently watershed management projects around cities and urban watershed management, creating open and public parks, paying attention to crisis management and passive urban defense, constructing sustainable and resilient buildings and infrastructures, etc. are some of the other measures in facing and combating climate change and its effects. In climate change, the issue of warming cities by more than several times the temperature compared to villages and the need to use more water resources in cities has shaped the unsuitable conditions of metropolitan cities for migration and its repulsive factor. In these circumstances, the village has also changed its nature from a center for production to a center for rural-urban migration or ultimately a labor force dormitory in cities, due to drought and lack of water resources and disruption of other basic resources, including soil and air. Finally, it should be added that the use of regional network theory in urban-rural development and a basis for urban-rural relations can provide a greater interconnection of these two human biological centers. It is clear that paying attention to all development drivers, taking into account climate change as an effective macro trend in spatial development management in the future, the future city and the future of cities, will be mandatory.

Keywords:

Urban-rural linkages , rural-urban relations , climate change , urban development , regional development