Association Between Body Mass Index and Blood Pressure in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Overweight and obesity are major public health problems and are strongly linked to elevated blood pressure, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Excess adiposity contributes to neurohormonal activation, renal sodium retention, vascular dysfunction, and low‑grade inflammation, all of which can increase blood pressure. Although the BMI–blood pressure relationship has been documented across many populations, setting‑specific evidence is useful for optimizing screening and prevention strategies. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure among adults attending routine health screening services. Methods: This analytical cross‑sectional study enrolled ۱۰۰ adults aged ۲۰–۶۰ years using convenience sampling at routine screening visits. Weight and height were measured using calibrated instruments to compute BMI (kg/m²). Blood pressure was measured in the seated position after at least five minutes of rest using a calibrated sphygmomanometer; two readings were taken at least one minute apart and averaged. Data were analyzed in SPSS version ۲۶ using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multivariable linear regression with adjustment for age and sex. Results: The sample’s mean BMI reflected a predominantly overweight population. BMI demonstrated a statistically significant positive association with systolic blood pressure (p < ۰.۰۵) and a weaker positive association with diastolic blood pressure. In multivariable regression, BMI remained an independent predictor of systolic blood pressure after accounting for age and sex. Conclusion: Higher BMI is significantly associated with higher blood pressure, particularly systolic blood pressure. Weight management and obesity prevention should be emphasized as key strategies to reduce hypertension risk and improve cardiovascular health.

Keywords:

Body Mass Index , Blood Pressure , Hypertension , Obesity , Cardiovascular Diseases , Cross‑Sectional Study , Weight Management