Investigating the rate of induction of cell death in cancerous cells exposed to nanoparticles with mtt assay

Somatic cells are formed by the division of mitoses, and almost all of them are destroyed by apoptosis. Cancer occurs due to excessive cell proliferation and decrease the amount of apoptosis in the cells. In normal cells, cell proliferation and cell death are in equilibrium and if for any reason this balance does not exist, it can cause various illnesses such as cancer. Colon cancer is referred to abnormal growth of cells in the colon or rectum which can quickly attack to other tissues of the body that so-called metastasis. Signs of this cancer include the blood in the stool, changes in intestinal movements, weightloss and permanent fatigue. Genetic disorders, lifestyle, aging are effective factors to catch this di ease. For colon cancer, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy are commontreatments which is used today. The use of nanoscale materials and targeting them to remove cancer cells is one of the newest therapies for treatment. Therefore, the study of the cytotoxic effect ofnanoparticle on cancer cells is very important. MTT assay: To do this way, we first cultivate the cells until it reaches the logarithmic phase. In this phase, the cells have the highest rate of growth andproliferation. Then, The cells were grown in 96 well plates. Cells were incubated for 24 hours to stick to the well. Subsequently, the cells were exposed to different concentrations of the nanoparticle for 24, 48 and 72h. After the incubation period, the treatment medium was evacuated and 15 μl of MTT solutions was added to each wells. After 4 h of incubation in the dark, the MTT was evacuated and 100 μl DMSO were added to each well. Finally, the absorbance was recorded with ELISA reader at 570 nm. Morphological changes including alteration in size and shape of the cells were performed using invertmicroscope. The obtained results of study confirm the cytotoxic effect of nanoparticle on colon cancer cells with IC50 about 6 μg/ml 24h after exposure. Studies show that toxicity depends on two factorsincluding time and concentration of treatment. The data show that the survival rate is significantly reduced from 3μg/ml (80%) to 12 μg/ml (10%) concentrations 48h after treatment. The resultsshowed that the cell survival rate decreased significantly with increasing time and doses of treatment. Morphological studies revealed marked changes in the size and shape of the cells. These changesinclude reduced size, deformation, nucleus and cell fragmentation, cytoplasmic sprouts, and cellular shrinkage.The nanoparticle inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells and induced apoptosis in thesecells. Therefore, it may be possible to use this nanoparticle for cancer therapy

Keywords:

Colon Cancer , Cancer Prevention , Cell and Cancer , Cancer Treatment and Management , Drugs and Cancer