The apoptosis, autophagy and antiproliferative effects of thymoquinone on the u87mg cells: the new strategy for glioblastoma multiform treatment

Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common and aggressive form of primary central nervous system (malignant tumor) in humans. This tumor seldom responds to standard therapies, for example,operation and chemotherapy. The operation is not the safe way because may induces the other neurological disorders. side effects on the non-specific target cell (both normal and cancerous cell) arethe main concern of chemotherapy treatment. For this reasons, there is a great need and more useful methods of GBM treatment. Thymoquinone (TQ), an edible Quinone, is a prominent constituent ofNigella Sativa seeds, that is popularly known as black cumin or black seed and belongs to the Ranunculaceae family.The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of thisphytochemical composition had been proven in many studies. In fact, in this studied has been shown TQ modifies various molecular and signaling pathways in many inflammatory and degenerativediseases including cancers. In Many studies have been suggested that apoptosis induction in cancer cells can be a beneficial strategy. In these investigations have been shown, TQ avoids from the commoncells cycle and induced DNA damage and apoptosis in the glioblastoma cell (U87MG). TQ intensifies the Temozolomide-induced apoptosis. Combination of TQ and this anticancer drugs had a synergisticeffect on cell viability.Inhibition of autophagy also is the exciting strategy in cancer therapy. There is a suggestion that U87MG may be dependent on the autophagy pathway for survival. Exposures on theTQ caused an increase in the recruitment and accumulation of the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-11 (LC3-11), a soluble protein, and LC33-associated protein p62, confirming the inhibition of autophagy. Therefore TQ has an antiproliferative effect on U87MG.On the other hand, TQ treatment reduces migration, adhesion, and invasion of these cells Through a drastic downregulation of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) protein. Increase in the rates of migration and invasion is associated with the elevated expression of the FAK in U87MG. In this study, we tried to review the effects of TQ onGBM. Actually, we wanted to show that using of TQ is a beneficial way in the different direction and this phytochemical composition can be known as a new strategy for treatment of Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) cancer.

Keywords:

Cell and Cancer , Nutrition and Cancer , Cancer Treatment and Management , Targeted Cancer Therapy , Chemotherapy