A Quick Review of Long Noncoding RNAs: A new paradigm in breast cancer pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy

With the development of technologies such as microarrays and RNA deep sequencing (RNAseq), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have become the focus of cancer investigations. LncRNAs, non-protein-coding RNA molecules longer than 200 nucleotides, are dysregulated in many humandiseases, especially in c ancers. Recent studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs play a key regulatory role in gene expression and cancer biology through diverse mechanisms, including chromosome remodeling, transcriptional and post-transcriptional modifications. The expression levels of specific lncRNAs are attributed to prognosis, metastasis, and recurrence of cancer. LncRNAs, usually act in various biological processes, such as regulation of alternative splicing of mRNA, protein activity, and epigenetic modulation or silencing the microRNAs, via discrete mechanisms. Deregulated levels of lncRNAs were shown in diverse tumors, including breast cancer. In this review article, based on mentioned findings, we aim to discuss about the potential of lncRNAs in discriminating normal and tumor tissue or even the different stages of breast cancer, which makes them clinically beneficial as possible biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis or therapeutic targets

Keywords:

Breast neoplasms , Biological Markers , Long noncoding RNAs , Diagnosis , Prognosis , Epigenesis