An Overview of the epidemiology of Type 1 diabetes mellitus

TID is one of the most frequent endocrine and metabolic conditions in children, chiefly occure following an autoimmune demolition. The characteristics of TiD are the autoantibodies detected in the serum of these patients. The present study was performed to briefly explain the genetics, molecular biology and epidemiology of TID around the world. Methods: This review was prepared using the databases of Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, reference lists check and hand searching using keywords such as prevalence , incidenc , eatiology , clinical manifestation , TID and risk factors. The selected papers were fully reviewed and required information for the review was extracted and summarized. Results: One of the intresting topics for researchers is study of genetic and environmental risk factors (such as age, sex, race, genotype, geographic location and season) involved in TID chiefly occure following an autoimmune demolition of the pancreatic ß cells through cell mediated immunity as well as a humoral immune response. Understanding these factors can play a significant role in the clinical care of patients, treatment and prevention of disease. Epidemiological studies around the world show that the incidence of TID has been increasing. DIAMOND Project, EURODIAB and SEARCH are the most important projects for childhood diabetes, Epidemiological studies around the world demonstrated that the incidence of TID has been increasing by 2–5%. Furthermore, in the US it has been indicated that the prevalence ofTID is approximately 1 in 300 by 18 years of age. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of TiD and related risk factors, strategic planning for discase prevention and reduction is necessary.

An Overview of the epidemiology of Type 1 diabetes mellitus Keywords:

epidemiology , Type 1 diabetes , childhood diabetes