Pederin as a potential antitumor compound: a review of Pederins antitumor activity with focus on molecular mechanism

Pederin is a non-protein toxin with polyketide structure extracted from Paederus and marine sponges. Paederus belong to Staphylinidae family (a large group of beetles,with 600 species) distributed mostly in temperate and tropical agricultural habitats.Hemolymph of Paederus has pederin that cause dermatit linearis on human skins. Pederin produced by uncultured bacterial symbionts that closet relationship to Pseudomonas. Pederin induce inhibition of DNA. This compound has antiviral and antitumor activity.Purified form of pederin is a crystalline amide which is soluble in alcohol and water. Pederin is synthesized by a mega-synthases named polyketide synthases (PKSs) /nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) involved in the biosynthesis of bacterial complex polyketides.The gene cluster involved pederin biosynthesis consisting of 18 putative ped genes distributed on three distinct genome regions, ped LMNOPQR, ped IJK and ped ABCDEFGH.Polyketide chain units are provided by malonyl-CoA or simple derivatives, which are connected by decarboxylative Claisen-type condensations.The Members of the pederin family including Onnamide A ,theopederin B, and mycalamide A. mycalamide A induces apoptosis by unknown mechanism . Onnamide A and theopederin B induces the PAI-1 gene expression and p38 kinase and JNK activation but not active Smad2/3. Cytotoxicity and antitumor activity of onnamide A and theopederin B are related to activation of p38 kinase and JNK.However, these compounds unlike the anisomycin which impair peptidyl transferase activity are ribotoxic stress inducers by translocation impair mechanisem. therefore study of this compound because of their biological activity as a candidate for cancer therapy is important. in this review, we focus on the latest data about metabolism, synthesis, and function of pederin agent.

Keywords:

Pederin , toxin , antitumor compound