Repair of neuromusculoskeletal systems in aging

Understanding how aging changes cells, tissues, and physiological systems is key to show mechanisms that limit regenerative ability. Cellular plasticity in response to injury is different during both development and regeneration. Repair ability of human tissue not only changed during aging but also it depends on many intrinsic and extrinsic factors.Sarcopenia and dynapenia are age-related loss of muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical function in elderly people. Resistance and endurance training are effective tools of exercise therapy in the elderly, which improve muscle metabolism and thereby muscle function and quality of life.Neuromuscular and tendon alterations should be evaluated in older age. The quality and quantity of these alteration are important in rehabilitation process. Also the effects of training and rehabilitation in elderly people are key indicator of the success of these treatments. The composition of bone and its mechanical properties vary in elderly. Morphological, cellular, mineral, bone protein and mechanical behavior of skeletal system changes in older ages. New concepts of the factors controlling the aging of the cell in general, and the aging of soft tissues in particular, is pinpointing the pathways that could be targeted to delay these age-dependent changes. In conclusion, the alterations in all tissues should be considered in rehabilitation programs of senile patients