Interventions for Controlling Non-Communicable Diseases: Care in Hospital or Community

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the majority of mortality and morbidity caused by Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) can be prevented and controlled through community interventions. The WHO recommends that the role of nurses in control of four major NCDs, including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, respiratory diseases and diabetes mellitus, should be expanded.Method: An Integrative review of the literature was performed to find a clear perspective of the type and field of nursing interventions in controlling four main types of NCDs in Iranian health care system. An electronic search was done in domestic and international databases, i.e. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scientific Information Databases (SID), to find studies on the nurses interventions which published in Persian and English peer – reviewed journals between 2008 and 2018. Data extraction was undertaken and the extracted items, including the type of disease, type of intervention(s), care setting, and main outcome variables, were recorded in a predesigned form.Results: A total of 68 studies were included in this review. Most of the interventions (57.3%) were educational and consultation programs (5.9%), while other interventions, including physical exercise, and complementary therapy, comprised 36.8% of the interventions. Assessment of the intervention outcome revealed that 39.7% focused on the clients’ knowledge, attitude, or behavior (i.e., self-care, self-efficacy, and treatment adherence), 19.1% on the quality of life, 13.2% on clinical or laboratory indicators, and 27.9% on symptoms. The interventions were mostly (85%) conducted in hospital settings compared to the community.Conclusion: Over the past decade, most of the Iranian nurses interventions to control NCDs have been hospital based.P PThe goals of preventing and controlling NCDs are more accessible if the competency of the Iranian nurses are recruited in community settings.

Interventions for Controlling Non-Communicable Diseases: Care in Hospital or Community Keywords:

Community setting , Non-Communicable Diseases , Nursing intervention