Background: Malaria is important diseases and hard to stabilize economies and populations in developing parts of the world with people at risk for such a debilitating disease. Malaria is one of the most important parasitic diseases in
Iran and PCR based assay was employed to screen the major vector(s).Objectives: Based on the eliminate all forms of malaria by 2025 in Iran, this study was done to determine the some of ecological aspects of malaria vectors in Yasouj District, Kohgiloyeh & Buyer Ahmad ProvinceMaterials and Methods: Mosquitoes were collected using Standard Pyrethrum space spray , Pit shelter , Bednet trap collections and Dipping method in three fixed selected areas of Yasuj, Dehdasht, Choram and Gachsaran counties, Kohghiloyeh & Buyer Ahmad Province. Molecular assay 2 nd International Congress of Vector-Borne Diseases & Climate Change; 4 th National Congress of Medical Entomology. Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IRAN; Nov. 13-15, 2019 was performed using nucleotide sequences of D3 domain of the 28S locus of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in comparison of sequences data of Gene bank database.Results: Two genera and twelve species were found including: Anopheles (Cellia.) superpictus, An.(Cell.) fluviatilis, An.(Cell.) turkhudi, An.(Cell.) stephensi, An.(Cell.)subpictus, An.(Anopheles )sacharovi and An.(Cell.)dthali. ulexx.(Culex) theileri, Cx.(Cux.)sitiens, Cx.(Cux.)pipiens, Cx. (Cux.)pusillus, Cx.(Cux.) perxiguus Among the predominant of Anopheles species, An. fluviatils (87%) and An. sacharovi (86%) were collected in permanent breeding places while An.subpictus s.l was found as 78%, 86.9% in Transient and Standing water respectively. Comparison of sequence data of An. fluviatilis was collected from Kohghiloyeh & Buyer Ahmad specimens with Iranian species those publicly available in the Genbank database showed that all of the 28S-D3 sequences were species U.Conclusion: It is the first report of the occurrence of An.fluviatilis U in Kohghiloyeh & Buyer Ahmad Province. We suggested the use of other molecular marker, which can be sufficiently discriminatory to identify all the taxa in a large geographical area