Spatial Analysis of Factors Affecting Leishmaniasis Incident:A systematic review

Background: Today, vector-borne parasitic diseases, such as leishmaniasis, are a major public health concern in many geographical areas that affect at least 12 million people worldwide annually. The disease occurs in three forms: cutaneous (leishmaniac), visceral (cauliaras) and cutaneous-mucosal, while spatial plays a central role in the incidence of leishmaniasis and its vector ecology (Phlebotomus).Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the spatial factors that influence the incidence of leishmaniasis (cutaneous, visceral, mucosal cutaneous) in a worldwide systematic review.Materials and Methods: The present study is a systematic review conducted in June 2019 using search engines such as Scopus, PubMed, web of science, Medline, embase, google scholar as well as keywords in spatial analysis, Leishmaniasis, land-use in English language articles topic from January 2000 to June 2019. A total of 41 articles were found during the search. Finally, after eliminating duplicates and qualitative analysis of studies, 12 original articles and a review study were included (Flowchart 1).Results: The results showed that spatial factors have a significant influence on the prevalence and spread of leishmaniasis clusters. Among the most important factors that almost all studies have mentioned are: socio-economic status of the people of the region, Demographic characteristics of the region (such as population density, migration rate), climate situation (such as temperature, rainfall, humidity, altitude sea level, wind speed), vegetation and forest cover, agricultural status, latitude and longitude of each region, The war and the status of the health care system in each region (Table 1).Conclusion: Spatial factors appear to be important predictor variables for the prevalence of leishmaniasis, and spatial analysis can be a useful tool for implementing leishmaniasis control strategies by designing risk maps, that will be used to prioritize areas for prevention, control, and both timely and correctly interventions for the disease.

Keywords:

spatial analysis , Leishmaniasis , land-use