Application of biological dressings in the last two decades; a review study

Introduction: Despite widespread and ever-increasing advances in wound healing and its complications, choosing the right dressing is still a global problem and a challenge for health care personnel. One of the major challenges in this area is lack of healing, pain during dressing and rest. Depression, reduced quality of life, prolonged post-injury stress response, patient discomfort, delay in recovery, prolonged hospital stay, difficulty in accepting treatment, etc are only part of the complications of acute pain and non-healing. It is timely that ulcers can occur due to improper dressing. But one of the dressings that are considered today as biological dressings. Studying the applications of these types of dressings can help solve the challenges of the wound area.Methods: This study aimed to investigate the effect of biological dressings on the treatment and control of ulcer complications by reviewing the search method in Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, SID and Google scholar with Keywords: Biologic dressing, Heterograft Dressings, Xenograft Dressings, Allograft Dressings, Wound or Wound Care. Titles, abstracts, and keywords of articles were conducted between 2000 and 2019. Articles were reviewed to evaluate the effect of biological dressings on the treatment and control of wound complications. A total of 46 articles were found, of which 10 were duplicated using EndNote. 21 articles were unrelated to the topic, 3 of them were not available in full text, and finally, 12 articles were included in the study.Results: A review of studies showed that biological dressings in wounds from extensive burns, skin cancers, oral and pharyngeal surgery, abdominal surgeries, urological surgeries, and skin lesions have been used. Application of these dressings in wounds and lesions due to different conditions has been able to reduce mortality, decrease hospital stay, reduce the number of wide dressings daily, reduce pain and increase patient comfort, repair mucosal membrane defects and Increase tissue consistency.Conclusion: Biological dressings in different types such as allograft, heterograft, xenoderma, xenograft, amniotic membrane, etc can be bonded tightly to the wound bed, covering the peripheral nerve, reducing fluid loss, protein, and electrolyte. Accelerate healing, reduce surgical scarring, create an environment conducive to epithelial cell proliferation, and protect the wound against the invasion of microorganisms, reducing medical costs, decreasing hospital stay, and enhancing the quality of life in patients. Therefore, these dressings can be of greater interest to health care providers and therapists.

Keywords:

Biologic dressing , Wound , Allograft , Heterograft , Xenograft , Amniotic membrane