New Classification of Clostridium perfringens based on the production of major and minor toxin

Introduction and Objectives: Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) causes many enterotoxic diseases in humans and animals as a result of its ability to produce potent protein toxins. C. perfringens produces at least twenty extracellular toxins but the classification of isolates was done on their ability to produce a combination of only major alpha, beta, epsilon, and iota toxins. Materials and Methods: In this review key words cheese minor toxin of C. perfringens in search engines and databanks, including Elsevier Sciences, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched. Results: Therefore, C. perfringens has been classified into five types (A–E). The researchers characterized a novel toxinotyping scheme of C. perfringens by typing of minor toxins. Many toxins are encoded on plasmid and need to consider in classification. Recently based on these criteria new toxinotypes have been established. Conclusion: .In this new classification the ability of producing minor toxins such as enterotoxin, binary enterotoxin, netB, netE, and netF considered. C. perfringens types F and G consists of isolates that can related to type A but discharge the miner toxins that imported then separated names. This strains responsible for C. perfringens human food poisoning and chickens necrotic enteritis. There are new C. perfringens toxinotypes can formally be proposed and accepted but further experimental work is required before.

Keywords:

Clostridium perfringens , Typing , Toxin , Molecular diagnosis.