Evaluate the risk factors of colorectal cancer

Introduction & Aim: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in Iran and in the rest of the world .This cancer includes 38% of gastrointestinal cancers. Colorectalcancer is the third most common cancer in the world and is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the riskfactors for colorectal cancer. Methods: In this review article, the comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Ovid, Web of Science, SID and Magiran, with using gastrointestinal, colorectal, cancer and risk factors keywords. Of the articles that have been published since 2010 to 2016, 23 articles were selected and studied. Results: The most common site of anatomical involvement is rectum, and the most common symptom that patients had at the time of the visit was rectorrhagia. The risk factors for colorectal cancer were: Low physical activity (%94/63), High-fat and lowfiber diet (%64/27), History of smoking (%47), Overweight (%43/36), Hypertension(%38/42) Diabetes (%25/37), History of alcohol consumption (%24/3), Positive family history (%22/8), History of colitis (%13/42), History of polyps (%12/23) and Historyof radiotherapy (%9/76). Among the environmental and dietary effective factors in colorectal cancer, a high fiber diet was most associated with a reduction in the risk ofrectal cancer. Conclusion: According to be the colorectal cancer is preventable and according to the increasing incidence and mortality of this cancer in Iran, educational interventions such as modify the diet and healthy lifestyle education seem necessary.

Keywords:

Gastrointestinal , Colorectal , Cancer , Risk factors