مطالعه و بررسی رابطه سن درخت با تشکیل پسته های زودخندان

The main causes for penetrating of fungi, especially aflatoxigenic fungi, into pistachio fruits is cracked hull pistachio nut in field, especially early splitting. Therefore, it is necessary that factors involved to early split formation were identified and ways of decreasing or control of them were introduced. One of these factors is tree age. In this research, effects of tree age on early splitting and irregular hull cracking of pistachio were evaluated. Pistachio tree of Ahmadaghaii cultivar were selected in different ages: 10, 15,20,25,30 years. This research is done from year 2000 to 2004 in five replications and 10 observations for each treatment in complete block design. In suitable harvest time, number of 10 fruit clusters for each replication was harvested. Amount of early splitting, irregular cracking, split and blank of pistachio fruits in each sample were evaluated. Results indicated that, the greatest early split pistachios occurred in 30-years-old trees and the lowest of early splitting were observed in 20 and 10-years-old of pistachio trees. These differences were statistically significant The greatest amount of pistachios with irregular hull cracking was observed in youngest tree (10 year old). It was significantly higher than other mentioned ages. Number of pistachios per cluster in different ages of trees hadn't significantly differences. The greatest amount of split pistachio percentage belonged to 1S-years- old trees that were significantly higher than 1O-years-old trees. Blank pistachio amount in ages of 10 years was significantly higher than other mentioned ages. The effects of sampling years on number of fruit cluster, early splitting and splitting were statistically significant. Aflatoxin in irregular cracked pistachios with soft and dried hull was 1.6 and 4.1 ppb respectively.

Keywords:

افلاتوکسین , نفوذ قارچ , شکاف خوردن پوست رویی , زودخندانی , سن درخت , احمدآقایی , رفسنجان , ‭TLC-Scanner‬