تأثیر فساد بر هزینه های نظامی در منتخبی از کشورهای درحال‌توسعه

Publish Year: 1398
نوع سند: مقاله ژورنالی
زبان: Persian
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JR_JEMR-9-36_004

تاریخ نمایه سازی: 2 اسفند 1399

Abstract:

هدف اصلی این مقاله، بررسی تأثیر فساد بر هزینه های نظامی کشورهای منتخب درحال‌توسعه طی دور‌ه زمانی  2015-2000 می‌باشد. برای نیل به هدف مذکور، از یک مدل عمومی مخارج نظامی، دو شاخص: ادراک فساد و کنترل فساد، تحلیل‌های هم‌انباشتگی پانلی و برآوردگر گشتاورهای تعمیم‌یافته سیستمی (SGMM) دومرحله‌ای، استفاده شده است. نتایج برآورد مدل تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که اثر فساد بر هزینه های  نظامی کشورهای مورد مطالعه، مثبت و معنادار است. بر اساس سایر نتایج، متغیرهای مخارج غیرنظامی (به‌عنوان هزینه فرصت مخارج نظامی) و دموکراسی، اثر منفی و معناداری بر هزینه های نظامی کشورهای درحال‌توسعه داشته‌اند. جمعیت به‌عنوان یک متغیر اجتماعی، اثر مثبت و معناداری بر هزینه های نظامی کشورهای درحال‌توسعه داشته‌ است  که نشان می‌دهد دفاع یک کالای عمومی می‌باشد. متغیرهای درآمد سرانه و وقفه بار نظامی نیز تأثیر مثبت و معناداری برهزینه های  نظامی کشورهای مورد مطالعه داشته‌اند. متوسط هزینه هاینظامی کشورهای جهان نیز بر بار نظامی کشورهای درحال‌توسعه، اثر مثبت و معناداری داشته است که حاکی از وجود یک رقابت تسلیحاتی می‌باشد.

Keywords:

Military Burden , Corruption , Developing Countries , Two-Stage System Generalized Method of Moment Estimator (SGMM) , هزینه های نظامی , فساد , کشورهای درحال‌توسعه , گشتاورهای تعمیم‌یافته سیستمی ((SGMM دومرحله‌ای

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