The Effect of Training Program with Moderate and High Intensity Exercises on Neuropeptide Y Hormone and Ghrelin in Fat Asprague- Dawley Rats

Background and Objective: Exercise and physical activity are the most impressive factors in consumption of cellular energy sources which may bring about some changes in key peptides that are effective in adjusting and balancing energy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the probable changes of plasma Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Ghrelin concentrations after 8 weeks of exercise with different intensities on fat male rats. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 75 adult male rats about 2 months old selected randomly from a laboratory. The rats fattened via stimulating their appetite with lettuce and other vegetables for a month. Their average weight changed from 240±15 gr to 320±20 gr. Then, they were divided into three groups of control (n=25), exercise group with moderate intensity ((n=25) and exercise group with high intensity (n=25). The training program of the study consisted of running three times in a week on Rodentschr('39') treadmill for 8 weeks. Results: The results showed that after 8 weeks of high intensity exercises, NPY and Ghrelin levels increased significantly (p<0.05), but moderate intensity exercises did not have meaningful effect on NPY and Ghrelin levels. Conclusion: The results of this research shows that exercise causes negative balance of energy in rats, increase their weight and fatten them. To compensate for this negative balance of energy, NPY hormone and Ghrelin levels are increased. References 1- Broon DR, Stensel DJ, Bishop NC, Burns SF, Miyashita M. Exercise-induced suppression of acylated ghrelin in humans. Appl Physiol. 2009 102: 2165-71. 2- Wynne J, Finkelstein EA, Fiebelkorn IC, Wang G. National Medical Spending Attributuable to Overweight and Obesity. Br J Sports Med. 2005 22: 221-28. 3- Friedman JM. Obesity in the New Millennium. Nature. 2000 404: 632-4. 4- Errica S, Irene M, Sharon L. Effects of adernalectomy on AGRP, POMC, NPY and CART gene expression in the basal hypothalamous of fed and fasted rats. Brain Res. 2002 958: 130-8. 5- Williams G, Cai XJ, Elliott JC, Harrold JA. Anabolic Neuropeptides. Physiol Behav. 2004 81: 211-222. 6- Silva AP, Cavadas C, Grouzmann E. Neuropeptide Y and its receptors as potential therapeutic drug targets. Clin Chim Acta. 2002 326: 3 -25. 7- Fekete C, Legradi G, Mihaly E, Huang QH, Tatro JB. Alpha melanocyte stimulating is contained in nerve terminals innervating thyrotropin- releasing hormone- synthesizing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and prevents fasting- induced suppression of prothyrotropin- releasing hormone gene expression. J Neurosci. 2000 20: 1550-1558. 8- Chen H, Hansen M, Jonas J, Vlahose R, Bozinovski S. Regulation of hypothalamic NPY by diet and smoking. Peptites. 2007 28(2): 384-9. 9- Strassburg S, Ankert S, Castuneda T, Burget L, Perez-tilvt D, Peluger P. Long-Term effects of ghrelin and ghrelin receptor agonists on energy balance in rats. AM J Physiol Endocrinol Metabolism. 2006 295(1): 78-84. 10- Rämson R, Jürimäe J, Jürimäe T, Mäestu J. The effect of 4-week training period on plasma neuropeptide Y, leptin and ghrelin responses in male rowers. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011 33: 960-5. 11- Wang J, Chen Ch, Wang RY. Influence of short- and long-term treadmill exercises on levels of ghrelin, obestatin and NPY in plasma and brain extraction of obese rats. Endocrinol. 2008 33: 77-83. 12- Hamedinia M, Davarzani Z, Hosseini kakhk A. The Effect of one session of swimming and running training on hunger rate and ghrelin, insulin and cortisol hormones of the plasma in the healthy girls. Iranian J Endocrinol Metabolism. 2011 13(1): 82-89. 13- Salim S, Sarraj N, Taneja M, Saha K, Tejada-Simon M, Chugh G. Moderate treadmill exercise prevents oxidative stress-induced anxiety-likebehavior in rats. Behav Brain Res. 2010 208: 545-52. 14- Lewis DE, Shellard L, Koeslag DG, Boer DE, Mccarthy HD. Intense exercise and food restriction cause similar hypothalamic NPY increases in rats. Am J Physiol. 1993 264: 279-84. 15- Kim SS, Shin MS, Kim EK, Lee HH, Chang HK, Kim H. Treadmill exercise suppresses NPY expression in the hypothalamous of food deprived rats. Neurosci Res Comunication. 2003 34(2): 63-71. 16- Chen JX, Yang WY, Liang R, Lu DY, Zhou WA. Experimental study of the effects of long term and high intensity exercise on plasma β-endorphin, dynorphin A1–13, leucine– enkephalin and lactate in rats. Chin J Appl Physiol. 1997 14: 371-8. 17- Rijke CE, Hillebrand JJ, Verhagen LA, Roeling TA, Adan RA. Hypothalamic neuropeptide expression following chronic food restriction in sedentary and wheel-running rats. J Molecular Endocrinol. 2005 35: 381-90. 18- Fekete C, Sarkar S, Rand WM, Harney JW, Emerson CH, Bianco AC. Agouti-related protein (AGRP) has a central inhibitory action on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) Axis comparisons between the effect of AGRP and neuropeptide Y on energy homeostasis and the HPT axis. Endocrinol. 2002 143: 3846-53. 19- Jia-Xu C, Xin Z, Guang-Xin Y, Zhu-Feng W. Influence of acute and chronic treadmill exercise on rat plasma lactate and brain NPY, L-ENK, DYN A1–13. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2007 27(1): 1-10. 20- Popovic V, Duntas LH. Leptin TRH and ghrelin: influence on energy homeostasis at rest and during exercise. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2003 12(4): 483-7. 21- Ghanbari-Niaki A, Nabatchian S, Hedayati M. Plasma agouti related protein (AGRP), growth hormone, insulin responses to a single circuit resistance exercise in male college students. Peptides. 2007 28(5): 1035-9. 22- Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y, Nakazato M, Matsuo H, Kangawa K. Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature. 1999 402: 656-60. 23- Rashidlamir A, Ghanbariniaki A, Rahbarizadeh F. The effect of 6 week of wrestling and wrestling based circuit training on plasma ghrelin and some Glucoregulatory hormones of well-trained wrestlers. Sport Life Sci. 2010 1(1): 75-87. 24- Jafari A, Ghanbari A, Moradi Chaleshtari MR. The effect of 12 weeks endurance exercise on ghrelin and GH plasma level in rat. Paper Presented at National Conference on Physical Education and Sport Science. February, 2010. Tehran. 25- Kordi MR, Anooshe L, Khodadadeh S, Maghsodi N, Sanglachi B, Hemmatinafar M. Compairing the effect of three methods of combined training on serum levels of ghrelin, pro and Anti-inflamatory cytokines in Multiple Sclerosis(MS) patient. J Zanjan Univ Med Sci. 2013 22(91): 39-51. 26- Ghanbariniaki A. Ghrelin and glucoregulatory hormone responses to a single circuit-resistance exercise in male college students. Clin Biochem. 2006 39(10): 966-70. 27- Morpurgo PS, Rensik M, Agosti F, Cappiello V, Sartorio A, Spada A. Ghrelin secretion in severely obese subjects befor and after a three week integrated body mass reduction program. J Endocrinal Invest. 2003 26(8): 723-7. 28- Irandost KH, Rahmaninia F, Mohebi H, Mizaei B, Hasannia S. Effect of aerobic training on plasma ghrelin and leptin levels in obese and normal – weight woman. Olympic J. 2010 18(2): 87-99. 29- Friedman JM. The function of leptin in nutrition weight and physiology. Nutr Rev. 2002 60 (10 pt 2): 85-7. 30- Kreamer R, Chu H, Castracane VD. Leptin and exercise. Exp Biol Med. 2002 227(2): 701-8. 31- Vestergaard ET, Anderson NH, Hansen TK, et al. Cardiovascular effects of intravenous ghrelin infusion in healthy young men. Am J Physiol Hent Circ Physiol. 2007 293(5): 3020-6. 32- Hyne K, Sangyeoup L, Tae Wunk, et al. Effects of exercise –induced weight loss on acylated and unacylated ghrelin in overweight children. Clin Endocr. 2008 68(3): 416-22. 33- Taati M, Kheradmand A, Tarahi M. Effect of ghrelin on hematopoietic wistar rats. J Guilan Univ Med Sci. 2009 17: 7-13. 34- Zhang Y, Feng F, Hao WU. The effect of aerobic training on the gene expression of NPY in rat hypothalamos. Hong Kong J Sports Med Sports. 2002 8: 543-8. 35- Xudong W, Guojun L. Effect of exercise on NPY in type II diabetes rats. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011 98: 457-63.

The Effect of Training Program with Moderate and High Intensity Exercises on Neuropeptide Y Hormone and Ghrelin in Fat Asprague- Dawley Rats Keywords:

Keywords: Neuropeptide Y , Ghrelin , High intensity exercise , Moderate intensity exercise