The effects of gallic acid and metformin on male reproductive dysfunction in diabetic mice induced by methylglyoxal: An experimental study

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a disease that has reached a dangerous point. Today, nearly ۵۰۰ million men and women around the world live with diabetes. Gallic acid (Gal) affects diabetes. Objective: To evaluate the effects of Gal and metformin (met) on the levels of glucose, insulin, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), sperm count, antioxidant status, and histological changes in the testes of diabetic mice induced by methylglyoxal (MGO). Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, ۵۰ male adult NMRI mice, weighting ۲۵-۳۰ gr, aged ۳-۴ months were randomly divided into five equal groups (n = ۱۰/each). (i) Control (vehicle, normal saline), (ii) MGO (۶۰۰ mg/kg/d) orally for ۲۸ days, (iii) Gal (۵۰ mg/kg/d), (iv) MGO+Gal, and (v) MGO+met (۲۰۰ mg/kg/d). Gal and met were administered orally for ۲۱ consecutive days after the induction of diabetes. Blood samples were taken at ۲۴ hr after the latest doses of treatment. Histological assessment of the testis was done, and the epididymis sperm count was obtained. Antioxidant indices, glucose, insulin, LH, FSH, and testosterone levels were measured. Results: In the MGO group compared to the control group, insulin, glucose (p = ۰.۰۰۱), LH (p = ۰.۰۴) and malondialdehyde (p = ۰.۰۰۱) were increased. However, the level of testosterone (p = ۰.۰۰۱), seminiferous tubule diameters, epithelial height, sperm count, superoxide dismutase activity (p = ۰.۰۲), and testis volume (p = ۰.۰۱) were decreased. The results indicated that Gal and met ameliorated the MGO effects. Conclusion: These findings suggested that the animals receiving MGO became diabetic. According to the results, Gal and met can effectively prevent MGO-induced diabetes. The effect of Gal was equivalent and sometimes better than metformin.  

Keywords:

Diabetes mellitus , Gallic acid , Male reproductive system , Metformin , Mice. ,   دیابت شیرین , گالیک اسید , سیستم تولید­مثلی نر , متفورمین , موش.