Anti-inflammatory activity and chemical composition of Pycnocycla bashagardiana fruit’s essential oil in animal models

Objective(s): Pycnocycla bashagardiana is an endemic species found only in Iran. Due to the presence of myristicin as the major component of the fruit’s oil we were prompted to assess the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of P. bashagardiana fruit’s essential oil (PBFEO). Materials and Methods: The analgesic activities of PBFEO (۱۰۰, ۲۰۰, and ۴۰۰ mg/kg, IP) were studied by hot-plate and formalin tests in mice. Control and standard groups received vehicle and morphine (۵ mg/kg, IP), respectively. The acute anti-inflammatory effect of PBFEO (۲۰۰ and ۴۰۰ mg/kg, IP) were assessed by carrageenan-induced paw edema method in ۳۰ min, ۱, ۲, ۳, and ۴ hr after carrageenan injection and the chronic anti-inflammatory effect of PBFEO (۵۰ and ۱۰۰ mg/kg, IP) were assessed by the cotton pellet-induced granuloma method in rats. Results: In hot-plate and formalin tests, the studied doses of PBFEO were not effective. However, in carrageenan test, all studied doses ofPBFEO significantly reduced the paw edema in comparison to the control animals (P<۰.۰۵). Anti-inflammatory activity of PBFEO(۲۰۰ and ۴۰۰ mg/kg, P<۰.۰۵) was found to be more than mefenamic acid (۳۰ mg/kg). In cotton pellet-induced granuloma, PBFEO was also effective regarding the transudate and granuloma formation amount. PBFEO was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and ۱۲ constituents, representing ۹۶.۰% of the oil, were identified. The major component of the oil was characterized as myristicin which might be responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusion: The results suggest that PBFEOpossesses biologically active constituents that have significant peripheral anti-inflammatory effects.

Keywords:

Anti-inflammatory Antinociceptive , Essential oil , Mice , Pycnocycla bashagardiana Mozaff , Rat