Analysis of semantic components of words in the field of nature in Nahj al-Balaghah based on labeling theory [In Persian]

Semantic components are of the important topics derived from the Prague school in linguistics. Markedness has begun from phonology; However, in linguistic studies, on the one hand, it expands to other areas such as word construction, syntax and semantics, and on the other hand, it has different definitions in different general theoretical frameworks, such as the approach of principles and criteria and the general generative grammar. According to Palmer, whenever the semantic components of a word express a general concept associated with the attribute of "generality," that word will be semantically a "unmarked" word; But if a word has special, more detailed and unique units and components, so that it can be considered as a subset of the word "unmarked", here, the attribute "Marking" can be applied for Such a word was considered. Types of marking are semantic, formal and categorical. The semantic components constitute the characteristics of the meaning of words and determine their commonalities and differences. A study of Nahj al-Balaghah, in which a multitude of various words has been used in various fields, can reveal many aspects of the intentions of the owner of this valuable work. The concept of place and especially nature is one of the most widely used words in Nahj al-Balaghah; The abundance of various words in the field of nature in the book Nahj al-Balaghah shows the importance of place in the belief of Imam Ali (AS). In this study, which was written with the aim of discovering and explaining the symptomatic aspects of the studied words and is based on a descriptive-analytical method, it was found that in the words of Imam Ali (AS) The field of nature has been used equally in the axes of succession and companionship, and each has a unique role in expressing the semantic purpose.

Keywords:

Nahj al-Balaghah , Semantic Axes , Substitution and Coexistence , Markedness Theory , Words Marking Nature