Exploring the role of urban planning and design in promoting urban resilience in the face of Covid-۱۹

In the context of the Covid-۱۹ pandemic, there is unprecedented attention and an emerging, controversial debate about how the urban built environment affects infectious disease dynamics. The emergency is to develop pandemic-resilient city planning and management to tackle the infectious diseases during Covid-۱۹. To explore the role of urban resilience against the Covid-۱۹ pandemic, this study aims to answer these questions: ۱. What are the impacts of covid-۱۹ affecting urban development? ۲ What the necessary actions are to reduce the impacts, and increase urban pandemic resilience, to answer these questions, this paper develops a conceptual framework for the urban form resilient to pandemics by collecting documents, data, and experiences from cities around the world and evaluating these projects by the framework. In this section, four cities- Seattle, SanFrancisco, Milan, and Toronto have been studied that are among the leading cities in the world during the Covid-۱۹ pandemic and have implemented projects related to resilience. this study focuses on better understanding the pattern of how pandemics affect cities, the necessary actions to reduce the impacts, and increased urban pandemic resilience. The results of this study are as follows: ۱ Pandemics are directly related to urban resilience, urban resilience during the Covid-۱۹ pandemic has been impacted by four factors: Natural environment, Built environment, Economic, and social impacts. ۲. The impacts can be reduced by improving these seven indicators: efficient transportation, active participation, equity, physical distancing, efficient green space, suitable housing, suitable urban streetscape.

Keywords:

urban resilience , Covid-۱۹ pandemic , urban planning and design