نقدی بر دیدگاه «مادلونگ» درباره بیعت با امام علی (ع) و ریشه جنگ های جمل، صفین و نهروان در کتاب «جانشینی حضرت محمد,» (ص)

During the time of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w) the leadership and Imamat was a divine matter that God had to define it. But after the demise of the eminence (s.a.w.w), group of Muslims degraded this divine matter to a material matter by neglecting divine text and selection and designed some ways based on themselves to authorize the Calipha, in which the allegiance of people with the Caliph is among those ways to authorize the authority of the Caliph. Even by this mean the allegiance of people with the Commander of the Faithful (a.s), was the most popular, the most fervent and most perspicuous allegiance the history of Islam has yet to see. Some liars of history (such as Seif ibn Omar) have distorted the history in order to protect the dignity of those whom broke their allegiance and rose against Imam Ali (a.s). Those people reported the history opposite of the common word in terms of the paying allegiance and the process of it. Wilferd Madelung (German orientalist) despite of him being known for being fair and using even-handed sources, yet in his book of “The Succession to Muhammad” (s.a.w.w) has concluded false analysis and made a mistake, relying on those weak sources and has called the allegiance of people with Imam Ali (a.s) a vague one in addition to it being by force for some of the known companions. Also he links the roots of the trinary battles (Jamal, Siffin and Nahrawan) to the process of allegiance. In this article his view in regards to the principle of allegiance and the root of the trinary battels during Imam Ali (a.s) government gets analyzed and criticized.

نقدی بر دیدگاه «مادلونگ» درباره بیعت با امام علی (ع) و ریشه جنگ های جمل، صفین و نهروان در کتاب «جانشینی حضرت محمد,» (ص) Keywords:

علی (ع) , مادلونگ , بیعت , جنگ جمل , صفین , نهروان