عقل گرایی و نص گرایی در تشیع (با بررسی تطبیقی دیدگاه های شیخ صدوق و شیخ مفید)

The era of wonder starts by the occultation of the ۱۲th Imam (peace be upon him). The Shiite community faces many questions being raised internally in addition of many others along with criticisms and doubts raising from other faiths and schools of thoughts specifically the Zaidi and Mu’tazela. Such mental atmosphere led to formation of two schools of thoughts within Shi’ism focusing on text and intellect in Qom and Baghdad. Sheikh Saduq and Sheikh Mufid have tried to save the Shiite community from challenges of such era by introducing two approaches of text-oriented and rationalism. This article tries to define and answer this question that what role does intellect play within the rationalist school of Baghdad and text-oriented school of Qom. Furthermore what are the innovations of Sheikh Saduq and Sheikh Mufid within the placement of intellect? While answering those questions in this article, it will be explained that the place of intellect within the teachings of Shiite and formation of two school of thoughts – meaning text-oriented and rationalism in Qom and Baghdad – has not been affected as deep as it has within the Sunnite theology and jurisprudence and approaches of Ash’ari and Mu’tazela. In addition after the occultation started and the needs of Shiite community was extended, the innovations of Sheikh Saduq and Sheikh Mufid led to an increase and development of intellect’s status within the science of Hadith and theology so that its effects has been carried on from the science of Hadith to theology and then to jurisprudence and the principle of jurisprudence (Osul) resulting in considering intellect as the forth reason in jurisprudence.

Keywords:

مکتب قم , مکتب بغداد , نص گرایی , عقل گرایی , شیخ صدوق , شیخ مفید , رشد جایگاه عقل