Early age at menarche and chronic kidney disease; an updated mini-review

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most important causes of pediatric morbidity, related with more mortality, and could result in severe psychosocial damages, a negative self-image and a feeling of inferiority compared to their normal peers. Earlier age at menarche (AAM) is related to higher risk of diabetes and then higher CKD risk. Many factors may contribute to the relationship between puberty and CKD such as malnutrition and growth hormone. There also is a growth retardation among children with CKD which is associated with higher morbidity and mortality.

Keywords:

Chronic kidney disease , Age at menarche , Growth retardation , Diabetes mellitus , Hypertension , Acute kidney injury , Nephrotoxins , Childhood , Nutritional status , Malnutrition