The effect of environmental temperature affected by climate change on kidney disease: a review study

Introduction: Heat is a determining factor in increasing the incidence of kidney disease and the kidney is a vital organ of the body that plays an important role in maintaining the health of the body against heat and dehydration. Climate change and the resulting water shortage not only affect kidney disease, but also increase the risk of other diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Therefore, the purpose of this review study is to investigate the potential impact of global warming on kidney health and also to identify the factors affecting it. Search Method: In this review study, articles published in English from ۲۰۰۰ to September ۲۰۲۱ in relation to health and kidney risks due to climate change were reviewed. These articles are searched through the databases Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, proquest, PubMed and Google scholar using keywords such as "kidney", "kidney disease", "chronic kidney disease", "kidney health", "climate change" "Global warming" were obtained.Results: From all the studied factors, air temperature have a significant effect on kidney health. The results showed that high temperature can lead to fever and dehydration, especially in hot climates around the world. On the other hand, the decrease in rainfall also plays a role in increasing the epidemic of kidney diseases, because the decrease in rainfall is associated with an increase in temperature and a decrease in water resources and quality. It may also increase the risk of kidney stones and recurrent urinary tract infections, and the socio-economic consequences are disability and loss of productivity and employment.Conclusion: Since the risk of heat-induced kidney disease has increased due to global warming and extreme heat waves, this risk is much higher for some population groups such as farmers, which can lead to significant consequences in the global supply of goods. Therefore, recognizing the extent of the health effects of global warming due to climate change to reduce the risk and maintain the health of people in society, is the first important step to develop the measures needed to prevent the effects of climate change.