Seawater desalination: A solution Or a risk?

Background and Objective: Instantaneous population growth and industrialization have assisted in the dramatic reduction of the supply of fresh water. Consequently, desalination is a prominent choice to solve the global crisis of water scarcity. Unlike fossil fuels, renewable energies are abundant and clean and hence a favorable alternative to desalination plants. That is why the water-energy link is a significant step towards a sustainable prospect. Therefore, the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) in seawater desalination is extremely vital. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible risks of desalination and compare them with its benefits.Materials and Methods: To conduct this study and collect this data, we looked for the disadvantages and benefits of Seawater desalination, so it was decided that the data collection method be examining the keywords Seawater Desalination, water scarcity, and Problems in the Pubmed database, we found ۳۷ studies based on the applied filter, the studies of the last five years, of which ۲۱ studies were excluded in three stages due to insufficient relativity with the purpose of this project.Results: Desalination has the potential to boost fossil fuel dependency, rise greenhouse gas emissions, and intensify climate change if renewable energy sources are not utilized for freshwater production. Desalination surface water intakes are a massive menace to marine life as well. In most desalination procedures, for every liter of drinkable water produced, about ۱.۵ liters of fluid contaminated with chlorine and copper are generated. When pumped back into the ocean, the toxic brine drains oxygen and affects organisms along the food chain. Many hybrid plants blend both membrane and distillation. Many desalination plants globally utilize fossil fuels to fuel them, but it's even a superior method to power them with nuclear energy. Therefore desalination can cause dangers in this subject as well. atmosphere pollution problems can emerge as a large proportion of fuel is burned to produce the needed energy for desalting. Desalination also has benefits and provides the necessary and healthy water for human beings and will be an excellent and appropriate solution in a water shortage crisis. Desalination not only eliminates salt, but also reduces harmful metals, chemicals, and bacteria that could be found in seawater. It removes bacteria by physically preventing them through the use of chemical procedures.Conclusion: In the current situation, it will be a solution, but it does not have the ability to continue and be used for a long time, and it may cause very irreparable damage if it is not used in a controlled manner. Desalination is key to giving fresh water to millions of people in the world. Yet, it can hurt marine life, receive a lot of energy, and it's frequently not sustainable. The development in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) technologies has lessened energy consumption during the desalination procedure.

Keywords:

Desalination , Fresh Water , Seawater , Plant