Prevalence of Atopic Eczema in Infants under Two Years Referring to the Vaccination Ward of the Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran

Background & Aims: Atopic dermatitis is a common allergic disease recognized as a threat to public health. Atopic dermatitis is often observed in people with individual or family history of allergic diseases. Due to the importance of this disease and its early diagnosis, and the very limited number of studies on this topic, the current study was performed on the prevalence of atopic dermatitis on infants under ۲ years of age. Methods: This was an analytic cross-sectional study from January ۲۰۱۰ to February ۲۰۱۱. All infants referred to Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital (Tehran, Iran) for vaccination were enrolled in the study. Patients with atopic dermatitis, by permission of their parents, underwent Prick test for identification of the allergy type. Results: In the present study, ۳۸۰ infants were enrolled with mean age of ۹.۹ ± ۶.۶ months (۲۱۷ boys and ۱۶۳ girls). Patients were classified into two groups based on atopic dermatitis (۴۸ positive for eczema and ۳۳۲ negative for it). Of the ۴۸ subjects of the positive group, ۳۱ agreed to take the Prick test. The results showed that ۱۱ patients (۳۵.۵%) were allergic to cow milk, ۶ patients (۱۹.۳%) to almond, ۴ patients (۱۲.۹%) to rice and egg's yolk, ۳ patients (۹.۷%) to egg white, ۲ patients (۶.۵%) to fish, soybean, potato, and sesame, and ۱ patient (۳.۲%) to wheat flour. Conclusion: It seems that the outbreak of atopic dermatitis in children is relatively high, and avoidable factors play a role in its occurrence. Hence, based on the examined Prick tests, It seems that the occurrence and exacerbation of the disease can be controlled and its progression into asthma prevented by decreasing or removing food allergens and factors involved in the patient's disease process.

Keywords:

Atopic Dermatitis , Prick Test , Infancy , Allergy