Risk Factors for In-hospital Mortality of Patients with COVID-۱۹ in Iran: A Cross-sectional Study from Six Pandemic Waves

Background: Demographic factors, hospital status, and comorbidities affect the mortality of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-۱۹).Aim: This cross-sectional study was performed with aim to evaluate the mortality predictors of hospitalized COVID-۱۹ patients in northeastern Iran (Mashhad city).Method: In this retrospective study, the electronic records (demographic data, clinical variables, and comorbid conditions) of survived and non-survived hospitalized COVID-۱۹ patients were searched from March ۲۰۲۱ to March ۲۰۲۲ during six pandemic waves.Results: Analysis of ۵۹۰۹۹ hospitalized COVID-۱۹ patients showed the mean age of ۵۴.۴۷۲۲.۵ years (female: ۴۶.۹۲%). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, masculinity, respiratory distress, and loss of consciousness among demographic data and clinical variables significantly contributed to mortality (OR>۱, P<۰.۰۵). Diabetes, cancer, respiratory diseases, kidney diseases, and immunodeficiency diseases increased the chance of death. High SpO۲ (>۹۳) protected against death (OR<۱, P<۰.۰۵).Implications for Practice: The results of the present study revealed that the clinical outcome of COVID-۱۹ infection is highly affected by demographic, clinical, and comorbidity factors. Several factors including age, masculinity, respiratory distress, loss of consciousness, diabetes, cancer, respiratory, kidney and immunodeficiency diseases had a risk effect on COVID-۱۹ death during six pandemic waves. Also, high SpO۲ (>۹۳) was detected as a protective factor for death followed by COVID-۱۹ infection.

Keywords:

COVID-۱۹ , Hospital mortality , Pandemics , Risk factors