Effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Costus afer on glycaemic control and essential haematological and biochemical indices of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a common global cause of sudden unpredictable death if undiagnosed and untreated. Costus afer (Costaceae) is a tropical plant with quite a lot of pharmacological properties. This study investigated the prophylactic and antidiabetic properties of ethyl acetate fraction of C. afer in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Acute toxicity (LD۵۰) test was done using Lorke’s method. Haematological indices were determined using haematology autoanalyser. The biochemical assays were done using standard diagnostic methods. Results: The lethal dose was ۳۸۰۷.۹ mg/kg. There was a significant reduction (P < ۰.۰۵) in the fasting blood glucose concentration from week one to week four in the group that was pre-treated and later post-treated with ۲۰۰ mg/kg body weight (bw) of the ethyl acetate fraction of C. afer leaves compared with the untreated diabetic control. The result of the hematological parameters revealed a significant increase (P < ۰.۰۵) in the hemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), and platelet count of the group pretreated and treated with ۲۰۰ mg/kg of the fraction compared with the untreated diabetic control. The result of the biochemical assays revealed a far much better recovery from the disruptions caused by the induction of experimental diabetes as seen in the groups that were initially pretreated with ۱۰۰ and ۲۰۰ mg/kg before the induction of diabetes compared with the groups treated with the same dose but without pretreatment. Conclusion: C. afer might be used for the prevention and management of diabetes mellitus. Its safety is evidenced by its effects on the hematological and biochemical indices.

Keywords:

Diabetes , Prophylactic effect , Acute toxicity , Lethal dose , Haemoglobin