Effects of single-dose and co-supplementation of vitamin D and omega-۳ on metabolic profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: An RCT

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous medical condition with a cluster of metabolic and endocrine disorders including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenism. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the effects of single-dose and co-supplementation of vitamin D (vit D) and omega-۳ (O۳) on anthropometric and several biochemical factors in women with PCOS. Materials and Methods: In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, ۸۰ PCOS women referred to Shahid Motahhari Clinic, Shiraz, Iran, from April to October ۲۰۱۷ were studied in ۴ groups (n = ۲۰/each) for ۸ wk. The placebo group received the placebo capsule (paraffin oil); ۱ weekly and ۲/daily; the vit D group received vit D (۵۰,۰۰۰ IU/weekly) + ۲ placebo capsules daily, O۳ group,    ۲, O۳ capsules daily + ۱ placebo capsule weekly, and vit D + O۳ (۵۰۰۰۰ IU/weekly vit D + ۲, O۳ capsules daily). Before and after ۸ wk of intervention, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, homeostasis model of insulin resistance index, and sex hormone binding globulin were compared between groups. Results: The significant reduction was detected in serum triglyceride (p = ۰.۰۰۲), TC (p = ۰.۰۴), fasting blood sugar (p = ۰.۰۲), insulin (p = ۰.۰۰۱), and homeostasis model of insulin resistance index (p = ۰.۰۰۱) concentrations in all vit D, O۳, and vit D + O۳ supplemented groups compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, in comparison with the placebo group, a significant increase was observed in serum sex hormone binding globulin levels after vit D, O۳, and vit D + O۳ treatments. Nevertheless, no significant changes were observed in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and anthropometric indices in all treated participants. Conclusion: The current study indicated that single dose and co-supplementation of vit D and O۳ for ۸ wk was associated with beneficial effects on serum triglyceride, TC, insulin, and sex hormone binding globulin concentrations among women suffering from PCOS.

Keywords:

Polycystic ovary syndrome , Vitamin D , Omega-۳ fatty acid , Insulin , Sex hormone-binding globulin. , سندرم تخمدان پلی کیستیک , ویتامین D , اسید چرب امگا ۳ , انسولین , گلوبولین متصل شونده به هورمون جنسی.