Exposure to Secondhand Smoke during Pregnancy and Neonatal-Related Outcomes

Background: Fetal and neonatal health is of particular importance in pregnant women. Secondhand smoke (SHS) can jeopardize the health of the mother, fetus, and neonate. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between exposure to secondhand smoke during pregnancy and neonatal-related outcomes.Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in ۲۰۲۲ on ۲۷۰ mother-newborn pairs through convenience sampling in two equal groups (n=۱۳۵), including exposure and non-exposure to SHS at  Rohani Hospital, Babol, Children's Hospital, Amirkola, and Imam Ali Hospital, Amol. In order to collect the data, a checklist including the demographic characteristics, medical variables, questions related to the exposure of mothers to cigarette smoke, the neonatal outcomes questionnaire, and the SNAPPE-II scale were used. Data analysis was performed using STATA statistical software (version ۱۷), and the significance level of all tests was considered less than ۰.۰۵.Results: The mean age of mothers was ۲۸.۳۰±۵.۸۳ years, and ۶۱% of births were by cesarean section. The SNAPPE-II score was ۸.۲۳​±۵.۲۹ in the non-exposure group and ۲۰.۶۸±۱۳.۵۳ in the exposure group (P=۰.۰۰۵). The prevalence of neonates with a birth weight of less than ۲۵۰۰gr was higher in mothers exposed to SHS (P=۰.۰۳۳).  Considering confounding variables, the neonates in the non-exposure group were, on average, ۱.۴۶ cm taller than those in the exposure group (P=۰.۰۰۵). Exposure to smoking increases the risk of premature birth by ۱.۶۵ times (P=۰.۰۳۲).  Conclusion: Exposure of pregnant mothers to SHS is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. Therefore, it is recommended to train families to avoid exposure to cigarette smoke, especially during pregnancy, and also for health centers to pay special attention to this matter in the care of pregnant mothers.

Keywords:

Neonates , NICU , Pregnant woman , Smoke