Comparing Essential Oil Composition of Cultivated and Wild Samples of Achillea biebersteinii Afan. in Kurdistan Province

The composition of essential oils in six accessions of Achillea biebersteinii Afan., transferred from the natural habitats in various townships of Kurdistan province, Iran to the cultivated conditions, were analyzed by GC/MS. Twenty-nine components were identified, of which the main constituents of the essential oil of A. biebersteinii Afan. contained ۱,۸-cineole (۱۷-۳۴%), Bornyl acetate (۰.۷-۳۹%), and p-cymene (۲.۲-۱۹.۲%). The cultivated accessions produced more ۱,۸-cineole and bornyl acetate than those of the natural habitats, while the highest amount of p-cymene was found in A. biebersteinii Afan., collected from natural habitats. The essential oils were characterized by the highest amount of ۱,۸-cineole (۲۴.۹-۳۷.۹%), bornyl acetate (۱۳.۷-۲۶.۹%), and p-cymene (۲.۷-۹%) in all cultivated accessions. When transferred to the field conditions, the accession Khan gorge of Baneh City was demonstrated as the best in terms of ۱,۸-cineole, and the accession Booein village of Baneh produced the largest amount of bornyl acetate. The accessions from Janevareh village and Ney village in Marivan city had the largest amount of p-cymene in both fields and in both years of cultivation. The results of the study of the pharmaceutical ingredients, extracted from cultivated conditions and natural habitats, could be very important for the next stages of cultivation and domestication of A. biebersteinii Afan..

Keywords:

Achillea biebersteinii Afan , essential oil compositions , Gas chromatography , cultivated field , Kurdistan