A Policy Brief on Improving the Prognosis of Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Oral cancer is the most malignancy in the head and neck region (۱), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for the most significant proportion of cancers in the oral cavity (۲). OSCC is the sixth most common carcinoma worldwide, affecting ۳۵۰ ۰۰۰ patients across the globe each year, leading to approximately ۵۰% of individual deaths. The most risk factors of OSCC are smoking tobacco, consuming alcoholic drinks, and human papillomavirus infections (۳,۴). Currently, tumor excision, radiotherapy, chemoradiation therapy, and immunotherapy using cetuximab/PD-۱ are gold standard approaches for OSCC treatment (۵).