Predicting Fear of COVID-۱۹ Based on Spiritual Well-being and Self-efficacy in Iranian University Students by Emphasizing the Mediating Role of Mindfulness

Objective: Given the importance of COVID-۱۹ consequences and students’ health, this study aimed to predict the fear of COVID-۱۹ based on spiritual well-being and self-efficacy among Iranian university students by focusing on the mediating role of mindfulness. Methods: This study was a descriptive correlational study. An online sampling method was used, and the sample included ۳۹۶ university students in Tehran City, Iran. Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), general self-efficacy scale, fear of COVID-۱۹ scale, and Paloutzian and Ellison’s spiritual well-being scale were used for data collection. An independent t test, the Pearson correlation, and the regression test were used to analyze the obtained data. Results: The results show that the overall effects of religious well-being (β=-۰.۱۹۲, P=۰.۰۰۱), existential well-being (β=-۰.۲۲۷, P=۰.۰۰۱), and self-efficacy (β=-۰.۰۹۳, P=۰.۰۱۳) were significant. The indirect effects of religious well-being (β=-۰.۰۲۶, P=۰.۰۰۱), existential well-being (β=-۰.۰۱۳, P=۰.۰۱۶), and self-efficacy (β=-۰.۰۴, P=۰.۰۰۱) were significant, too. The direct effects of religious well-being (β=-۰.۲۵۳,P=۰.۰۰۱), existential well-being (β=-۰.۲۰۵, P=۰.۰۱۶), and self-efficacy (β=-۰.۱۳۳, P=۰.۰۱۳) were significant, as well. Conclusion: Spiritual well-being, self-efficacy, and mindfulness are associated with a reduction in perceived fear of COVID ۱۹ in Iranian students, and mindfulness has a role in these relationships.

Keywords:

Fear of COVID-۱۹ , Spiritual well-being , Self-efficacy , Student , Mindfulness