Isolation, characterization, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from raw meat of large livestock in Iran

Campylobacter spp. genera are one of the most common causes of microbial enteritis worldwide. This research aims to discover how common Campylobacter organisms are in raw meat from large livestock in Iran and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles. Several ۵۵۰ fresh ready-to-eat meat samples were gathered from the slaughterhouse, butcher shops, and restaurants in the research region, including cattle (n = ۱۳۸), goat (n = ۱۰۲), camel (n = ۵۶), and sheep (n = ۲۵۴) meats samples. Using routine bacteriological procedures and PCR, Campylobacter spp. was isolated and identified. PCR was used to perform genotype pattering in the identification of virulence genes. The disc diffusion technique was used to determine antibiotic susceptibility. The two Campylobacter spp. were found in ۸۴ (۱۵.۲۷%) of the ۵۵۰ meat test samples. Cattle and camel samples had the greatest (۵۲.۳۸ %) and lowest (۳.۵۷%) frequency of Campylobacter spp., respectively. There were significant variations in the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in cattle compared to others (P < ۰.۰۱; ۲ = ۴۳.۰۴ or OR = ۷.۶۸, CI = ۳.۴۰–۱۷.۳۰). C. jejuni and C. coli amounted to ۸۲.۱۴ % (۶۹ samples) of the Campylobacter spp. they were isolated from the raw meat. C. jejuni was found in ۳۹.۲۸% of the samples (۳۳ samples), whereas C. coli was found in ۴۲.۸۵% (۳۶ samples). Other Campylobacter spp. made up ۱۷.۸۵ % (۱۵ samples). The most prevalent genotypes pattering observed in C. jejuni bacteria collected from several sorts of large livestock samples were ciaB (۱۰۰%) and flaA (۱۰۰%), and virbll (۷.۶۹ %) were the C. jejuni strains found with the least incidence in various large livestock specimens. ciaB (۱۰۰ %), flaA (۱۰۰ %), were the most common genotypes found in C. coli bacteria. The C. coli isolates dnaJ (۰%), wlaN (۰%), virbll (۰%), and ceuE (۰%) discovered with the least frequency in a range of large livestock samples. Campylobacter spp. isolated from various sample types and sources were ۱۰۰% sensitive to aphA-۳-۱ and GM۱۰. Resistance to E۱۵ (۷۶.۹۳ %), cmeB (۶۹.۲۴ %), aadE۱ (۶۹.۲۴ %), CIP۵ (۶۹.۲۴ %), and AM۱۰ (۶۹.۲۴ %) was found in the isolates.

Keywords:

Campylobacter jejuni , C. coli , Virulence Factors , Iran