Calculating the efficiency of perovskite solar cells using formula (PCE=Voc.Jsc.FF/Pin) and increasing and obtaining the quality of the HTL layer in perovskite solar cells using formula(FF=Pmax/Vac.Jse)

The hole transport layer (HTL) plays a pivotal role in enhancing the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This article highlights the significance of the HTL layer and explores the materials commonly employed in its fabrication. The HTL facilitates efficient extraction and transport of positive charge carriers generated within the perovskite layer, thereby minimizing recombination losses and improving device performance. Various organic and inorganic materials, including conjugated polymers, small molecules, and metal oxides, have been extensively investigated for their suitability as HTLs in PSCs. These materials offer tailored energy levels, high charge mobility, good film-forming properties, and compatibility with perovskite deposition methods, contributing to enhanced device efficiency and stability. Understanding the role of the HTL layer and selecting appropriate materials are essential for advancing the development of high-performance perovskite solar cells[1][2][3][4][5].

Calculating the efficiency of perovskite solar cells using formula (PCE=Voc.Jsc.FF/Pin) and increasing and obtaining the quality of the HTL layer in perovskite solar cells using formula(FF=Pmax/Vac.Jse) Keywords:

Perovskite layer , Polymer , PDOT: PSS , Polyfluorene