The Complexity of Speaker Identification based on Voice and Speech and itsApplication in Forensics

The voice and speech of every human being are determined by their anatomical andphysiological characteristics, as well as by the speech habits acquired during life. From aforensic point of view, voice and speech are inextricably linked, as voice production is anecessary precondition for speech production. The theory of speaker identification is basedon the premise that, given the complexity of the speech system and learned speech behavior,no two people can have an identical voice and speech. Since voice and speech are mutableon conscious and unconscious level, concerning both internal and external factors, and arealso traceable through the temporal dimension, speaker identification is considered the mostcomplex discipline within forensic science. The article systematically presents the methodsused in the past and those used today to identify speakers, focusing in particular on theiradvantages and disadvantages. The literature search was carried out in the databases of theSerbian Library Consortium and in relevant internet search engines. The literature reviewhas shown that the rapid development of technology in the ۲۱st century has significantlyinfluenced forensic phonetics and increased the need for its application. However, this hasnot improved the reliability of the results, as the complexity of speech expression cannot yetbe solved by automated speaker identification. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully selectand train experts working in this field, in order to ensure reliable results relevant to the needsof court proceedings.

Keywords:

Speaker Identification , Auditive-Instrumental Method , Voice and Speech , Spectography , Automatic Method