The Association of Dietary Inflammatory Index with the Risk of Type ۲ Diabetes: A Case-Control Study

The prevalence rate of type ۲ diabetes (T۲DM) is increasing worldwide, and the role of diet in its etiology has been established. The Dietary inflammatory index (DII) has attracted significant attention in evaluating associations between diet and diseases due to the role of chronic inflammation as an underlying cause of numerous disease processes. Therefore, the relationship between DII score and the risk of T۲DM is evaluated in the Iranian population for the first time. Methods: ۱۱۳ newly diagnosed T۲DM patients and ۲۲۶ apparently disease-free control cases aged ۲۳-۵۹ participated in this case-control study. A valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. Then, energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) scores were computed and categorized into quartiles based on values in the population study. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between DII and the risk of T۲DM after controlling for important potential confounders and effect modifiers. Results: A significant association was observed between E-DII score and T۲DM in the crude model (P-trend<۰.۰۰۱), model I (adjusted for physical activity, gender, education level, and family history of T۲DM, P-trend<۰.۰۰۱), model II (adjusted for model I + body mass index, P-trend=۰.۰۰۵) (ORquartile۴vs۱ =۲.۹۸ (۹۵% CI: ۱.۱۸, ۹.۱۲; P= ۰.۰۰۵). Conclusions: A direct association was observed between DII score and the risk of T۲D, implying that consuming a more anti-inflammatory diet would help to prevent T۲DM. Future longitudinal studies should be conducted to further explore this association.

Keywords:

Dietary inflammatory index , Diabetes mellitus , Case-control studies.