Molecular approaches related to combined resistance in wheat to cyst nematode and common root rot disease via gene expression, enzyme activities and markers

Cereal cyst nematodes (CCN), Heterodera filipjevi, and common root rot (CRR), Bipolaris sorokiniana are the destructive diseases on cereal crops globally. Thus, in this study, the reaction wheat cultivars, to H. filipjevi and B. sorokiniana was investigated, and the changes in the expression of markers gene, Cre3, PRX-groups (TaPrx111 and TaPrx112), EDS1, LTP5, PGIP, PR-1, PIEP1, TLP, UGT, Stb6 and PFT, using qRT-PCR at various time intervals. In addition, the activities of defense-related enzymes; peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase, as well as total phenol content were analyzed. The genetic variability of the germplasm, using simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs was analyzed. The cluster diagram divided the wheat genotypes into four groups i.e., resistant, partially resistant, susceptible and highly susceptible accordingly. Interstingly, PRX gene marker, basically resistant to abiotic-stresses such as high-salinity and drought, also regulating the ROS-balance in plants, similarly modulates-immunity against-H. filipjevi. Similarly, Cre3, a resistance gene to cereal cyst nematode H. filipjevi, was regulated in cultivars resistant to B. sorokiniana. Similar results were obtained for Stb6, a gene resistant to Septoria tritici, EDS1 resistant to Blumeria graminis, and the genes PR-1 and UGT resistant to Puccinia triticina. Antioxidant enzyme activity also showed the highest increases in resistant genotypes. Integrated transcriptome-proteomic analysis identified key expansion genes associated with resistant wheat to Cereal cyst nematodes and common root rot.

Molecular approaches related to combined resistance in wheat to cyst nematode and common root rot disease via gene expression, enzyme activities and markers Keywords:

Bipolaris sorokiniana , Heterodera filipjevi , real-time quantitative PCR , resistance gene , wheat genotypes