Comparison of psychological and cognitive functions of Long-COVID syndrome: Patients with history of hospitalized and non-hospitalized

The coronavirus pandemic has caused great concern about neurocognitive and psychological consequences. While previous research indicates that, in particular, the long-term effects of Covid-19, have led to serious challenges in psychological functions, including anxiety and depression, sleep, and cognitive abilities So it requires a deeper understanding and more detailed investigation over time. The main aim of this research is to investigate and compare the effects of Long-COVID on the psychological and cognitive status of individuals with and without hospitalization.Method: A causal-comparative study to examine the psychological and cognitive outcomes in 105 individuals with long-term Covid-19 (including hospitalized and non-hospitalized), using validated tools like the HADS, Cognitive abilities, Stress, and Pittsburgh Sleep questionnaires.Result: comparing individuals in two groups indicated no significant differences. The result of HADS scores showed a low significant difference in depression (p=0.861) and anxiety(p=0.675) between the two groups. For their quality of sleep is also not high difference (p=0.500). Similarly, there was no significant differences in Cognitive evaluations including memory, attention, decision-making, planning and flexibility, and Stress assessment (p=0.320) in comparing the patients.In conclusion, the present study shows no significant differences in cognitive and psychological functions from Long-COVID-19 between hospitalized and non-hospitalized individuals. While those who were hospitalized due to Covid-19 may be at a higher risk for serious complications but this does not mean that the complications are long-term, and if there is more severity in hospitalizations, it is likely that the impairments of the syndrome gradually improve over time.

Comparison of psychological and cognitive functions of Long-COVID syndrome: Patients with history of hospitalized and non-hospitalized Keywords:

Psychological Functions , Cognitive Functions , Long-Covid-19 , Hospitalization , non-hospitalization