Review of the effects of influential genes on colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth most common causeof cancer-related death. Most cases of CRC are detected in Western countries, with itsincidence increasing year by year. The probability of suffering from colorectal cancer isabout 4%–5% and the risk for developing CRC is associated with personal features or habitssuch as age, chronic disease history and lifestyle. In this context, the gut microbiota has arelevant role, and dysbiosis situations can induce colonic carcinogenesis through a chronicinflammation mechanism. Some of the bacteria responsible for this multiphase processinclude Fusobacterium spp, Bacteroides fragilis and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. CRCis caused by mutations that target oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes and genes related toDNA repair mechanisms. Depending on the origin of the mutation, colorectal carcinomas canbe classified as sporadic (70%); inherited (5%) and familial (25%) In recent years, genomewide association studies have discovered that over 40 genetic regions are associated withweak effects on sporadic CRC, and it has been estimated that increasingly large genome widescans will identify many additional novel genetic regions

Review of the effects of influential genes on colorectal cancer Keywords:

microbiota , dysbiosis , Bacteroides , enteropathogenic , colorectal carcinomas