A Modified Digital Image Watermarking Scheme Based on Nonnegative Matrix Factorization

This paper presents a modified digital image watermarking method based onnonnegative matrix factorization. Firstly, host image is factorized to the product ofthree nonnegative matrices. Then, the centric matrix is transferred to discrete cosinetransform domain. Watermark is embedded in low frequency band of this matrix andnext, the reverse of the transform is computed. Finally, watermarked image isobtained by multiplying nonnegative matrix components. The experimental resultsshow that the proposed method is transparent and also is high robust against JPEGcompression, scaling and median filter attacks.

Keywords:

Digital image watermarking , Nonnegative matrix factorization , Robustness , Transparency