English Translations of Conjunctions in Khayyam's Quatrains

This is a comparative and qualitative research that aims to present comparisons across different translations of conjunctions in Khayyam's quatrains. In this study, a number of Khayyam's quatrains and three English translations of FitzGerald (1889), Whinfield (1883) and Emami (1988) were examined. To do this research, first the researcher read the original book - Quatrains of Khayyam-. Then its Conjunctions were identified. The equivalents of these conjunctions in English translations were identified too. The conjunctions classified according to Halliday and Hasan (1976). The frequency of the used conjunctions in the three translations was measured and described by some graphs. It was found that additives were the most frequent conjunctions in Khayyam's quatrains. Moreover, the number of additive conjunction in the selected translations was significantly higher than other conjunctions and the range of conjunctions in the three types was roughly the same. The findings of the present study are practically helpful as guidelines for translators who are more likely to use conjunction in their translations. The results of this study are in line with other results about the translation of conjunction from Persian to English and enable the critics or readers of Khayyam's quatrains to evaluate a translation more precisely than before

English Translations of Conjunctions in Khayyam's Quatrains Keywords:

cohesion , conjunction , quatrain