Satire Combined with Hazl in Masnavi

Hazl, in literary terms, is a poem or a prose in which offensive or impolite words are used, the aim of which is to joke or create laughter contrary to serious poetry. Although lampoon, hazl and satire are interconnected in classical Persian literature, they are in fact distinct from each other. Satire is usually embedded in a social context and its aim to criticize obscenities, weaknesses and correct them. In lampoon, the aim is nothing but fun. The scope of hazl is not broad in Persian literature, but many poets and writers have paid attention to it. From the 9th century H.Q, more attention was paid to composing hazliyāt and a variety of examples of this approach can be seen in well-known tazkiras (biographical anthologies) in the 10th to 12th century H.Q such as Tazkira Tohfeh-e- Sami (Gift of Sami), Tazkira Haft Eqlim (Seven Climes), and Tazkira Atashkada-e-Azar (Azar's Fire Temple).

Keywords:

satire , story , lampoon , guidance and direction , audience analysis