Study of the cytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by amaranthus cruentus on human liver cancer cells hep g2

Green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles using plant extract is a promising alternative to the traditional method of chemical synthesis. In this study, we report the synthesis of nanostructured zincoxide particles by the biological method. Highly stable and spherical zinc oxide nanoparticles are produced by using zinc acetate and Amaranthus cruentusextract. Formation of zinc oxide nanoparticleshas been confirmed by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The zinc oxide nanoparticles have applications in biomedical, cosmeticindustries, biotechnology, sensors, medical, catalysis, optical device, coatings, drug delivery and water remediation, and also may be applied to electronic and magneto-electric devices. This new eco-friendly approach of synthesis is a novel, cheap, and convenient technique suitable for large-scale commercial production. In this study, the anticancer effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles has been investigated on human liver cancer cells Hep G2. Amaranthus cruentus was collected. The important compounds in the plant extract are hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. Both functional groups allowed plant extract to act as reducing agent. Functional groups present in the extract of Amaranthus cruentus on such as phenolic compounds and alkaloids are responsible for capping there by stabilization of nanoparticles reduced. Zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(O2CCH3)2 as metal ion precursor which act as zinc source and sodium hydroxide (NaOH ) as precipitating agent were purchased from Merck. The MTT (3-(4, 5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assay was done on liver cancer cell line and HUVEC cells as a normal cell line. Cells were seeded into 96-well plates and incubated for 24 hours at 37 ºC with 5% humidity. After 24 hours cells were treated with different concentrations of Zn O nanoparticles and incubated for next 24 hours. Then, treatments removed and MTT was added to each well. DMSO was used in order to dissolve insoluble formazan dye and absorbance was read at 570 nm. The inhibitory effects of treatment on cancer cell line and normal cell line were compared. Zinc oxide nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by using this method. The prepared zinc oxide nanoparticles were spherical in shape and were characterized using XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis absorption and SEM techniques. We demonstrated that ZnO nanoparticles showed a significant effect on human liver cancer cells Hep G2. The inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) values of the nanoparticle for liver cancer cells line after 24 h, 48h and 72h were 250, 200 and 150 μg/ml respectively. The results showed that Zn O has the ability to induce cytotoxicity in the human liver cancer cell line in low concentrations. In conclusion, these findings may introduce a new view on the mode of action and possible application of new nanoparticles in the cancer chemotherapy.

Keywords:

Gastric Cancer , Cancer Prevention , Cell and Cancer , Cancer Treatment and Management , Drugs and Cancer