Interaction between diet and gut microbiome and its potential on prevention of cancer

Cancer is a leading cause of death that is associated with tremendous social and economic burdens. 30%–35% of cancer cases are preventable via a healthy diet. Diet and lifestyle, all of which couldinteract with the gastrointestinal (GI) tract microflora, altering its profiles and functions. The adult human gut is estimated to contain 100 trillion microbial organisms, collectively referred to as themicrobiota. Among the beneficial activities of the gut flora on human host, many are related to cancer protection. This study will discuss how diet can influenced on microbiota that inhabit our body andtheir cancer-prevention mechanisms. The present study is a review of the literature related to the topic from database with keywords of microbiome, prevention of cancer and diet. 20 papers were reviewedbetween 2009 and 2017. Studies are indicated that correlation between polysaccharide-degrading microbiota and the calories that the host can extract from his/her diet. In fact it is well known that changes in food production agricultural and preparation have profoundly influenced the intestinal microflora. Consumption of sugar, animal fat, and calorie-dense foods in industrialized countries is rapidly limiting the adaptive potential of the microbiota. Normal diverse microbial communities can protect against cancer by multiple mechanisms. They can have an indirect effect by competing with pathogens for attachment sites. The microbiota may even influence the outcome of chemotherapies and immunotherapies. Although most of these effects are mediated by indirect effects on immunosurveillance, they also may involve the direct effects of microbial products on cancer cells through various processes. A complex interrelationship exists between the intestinal microbiota and colon cancer risk, which can be modified by dietary behavior. Not only can eating behaviors modify the numbers and types of microoganisms, but microorganisms can also generate new compounds from food components

Keywords:

Colon Cancer , Cancer Prevention , Lifestyle and Cancer , Nutrition and Cancer , Cancer Treatment and Management