The effect of nutritional factors on the formation of kidney and urinary tract stones: a case-control study

Introduction: Kidney stones are a common chronic disease that affects urinary tract in all age groups. There is a partially known connection of urinary stones with some nutritional factors, but there are contradictory issues in this regard. This study was conducted to determine the effect of nutritional factors on the formation of kidney and urinary tract stones.Materials and methods: In a case-control study, 127 newly diagnosed patients with urolithiasis and 127 healthy people were studied. The control group was matched in terms of age and gender. Patients with diabetes and acute or chronic renal failure were excluded from the study. Data were collected using INSKAP-HQ-Tot questionnaire. Chi-square and logistic regression tests were used to analyze the data.Results: The results of this study showed that there was a significant relationship between tea consumption (OR = 4.70; 95% CI, 1.15%, 17.99), beverages (OR = 23.32; 95% CI, 4.45, 122.32), coffee (OR = 4.39; 95% CI, 1.63, 11.78), bread (OR = 3.37; 95% CI, 1.1, 10.59), meat (OR = 2.85; 95% CI, 1.01, 8.01), liver (OR = 40.58; 95% CI, 3.37, 488.90), fish (OR = 25.03; 95% CI, 2.89, 216.39), and various types of canned food (OR = 3.70, 95% CI, 1.34, 10.25), with kidney and urinary tract stones. The use of water (OR = 0.28; 95 CI, 0.09, 0.89), natural juices (OR = 0.53, 95% CI, 0.10, 0.65), mineral water (OR = 0.18; 95% CI, 0.05, 0.64), legumes (OR = 0.032; 95% CI, 0.00, 0.38), butter, cream or peppermint (OR = 0.30; 95% CI, 0.09, 0.95) and ice cream (OR = 0.203; 95% CI, 0.076, 0.544) had a significant protective effect against the formation of kidney and urinary tract stones.Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the risk of urinary stones formation had a significant relationship with the manner and type of nutrition. Therefore, observing the correct food pattern and proper use of fluids play an important role in preventing the formation of urinary stones.

Keywords:

Nutritional factors , kidney and urinary tract stones , Ilam