Voltammetric Determination of Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride at LayeredDouble Hydroxide Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes

Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) is a phenothiazine drug with an aliphatic side chain, arewidely used as therapeutic agents for treating various mental and personality disorders [1]. CPZis used for controlling psychoses, including mania, schizophrenia, and several disturbed oragitated behavior; it is also used for the relief of nausea, vomiting, preoperative anxiety andintractable hiccups. The characteristics and determination of chlorpromazine were studied byusing many methods including chromatography [2], electrophoresis [3], spectrophotometry [4],flow injection analysis [5] and electrochemistry [6]. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are aclass of ionic lamellar compounds made up of positively charged brucite-like layers with aninterlayer region containing charge compensating anions and solvation molecules. The metalcations occupy the centers of edge sharing octahedral, whose vertexes contain hydroxide ions thatconnect to form infinite 2D sheets. The most widely studied LDHs contain both divalent andtrivalent metal cations, a generic formula for these LDHs may be written as; [M2+1-xxM3+x(OH)2][An−]x/n·zH2O, where M2+ may be common; Mg2+, Zn2+, or Ni2+ and M3+ may becommon; Al3+, Ga3+, Fe3+, or Mn3+. An− is a nonframework charge compensating inorganic ororganic anion, e.g. CO32-, Cl-, SO42-, RCO2 - and x is normally between 0.2−0.4. LDHs may alsocontain M+ and M4+ cations but these are limited to specific examples such as Li+ and Ti4+. Thechemistry of LDHs is now widely studied and this is in part driven by the use of these materialsas precursors for preparing CO2 adsorbents, catalysts, or directly as ion exchange hosts, fire retardant additives, polymer/LDH nanocomposites, drug delivery hosts, and as cement additives[7].In this study NiAlLDH was electrochemically deposited on glassy carbon electrode (GCE).The surface morphology and structure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy andEnergy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy methods. Its electrochemical properties were inspected bycyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry (CA), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) andelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The modified electrode was used fordetermination of CPZ in alkaline media (0.1 M NaOH). In optimum conditions the linear rangeof the proposed electrode was 1×10-3 - 1×10-9 M, with the detection limit of 1 nm. The electroderesponse stability in the presence of CPZ was determined with CA which was good. The responseof the electrode in the presence of three important interferences i.e. dopamine, ascorbic acid anduric acid was obtained, which there was no considerable interfering effect. Finally, this electrodewas used for determination of CPZ in a 50 mg CPZ tablet, which the recovery was 109%.According to ease of preparation, low cost, stability and wide linear range this electrode can be agood candidate for determination of CPZ.

Keywords:

Layered double hydroxide , NiAlLDH , Glassy carbon electrode , Chlorpromazine , Electrochemical determination