Interaction between Iran and India’s Literary currents In the during of Safavids ruled

From the tenth through the thirteenth centuries after Hegira (A.D. 61th to 61th centuries), the Safavids ruled in Iran and the Mughals reigned in India. The Safavids were a religious government and this led to the permeation of religious scholars and the prevalence of theology in this period of Iranian history. In contrast, in India where Persian language had been dominant for centuries, poetry and literature, and people endowed with artistic abilities were favored. Rhetorical books written in these two cultural geographies by Iranian and Indian Persian speakers were influenced by the existing conditions. Considering the characteristics of these works, we can argue that during these centuries two main trends of rhetoric were formed in Iran and India. One was interpreting the rhetoric in relation to Islamic rhetoric in Iran; and the other was the rhetoric formed in India which relied upon the rhetorical system of that country. The books Anwaar-ul Belaqah and Rasalyeye Bayan-e Badi’ (The Treatise of Rhetoric) belong to the former trend and the books Tohfat-ul Hind and Ghezalan-ul Hind belong to the latter one. There are topics in the books of the latter period analysis of which may be important for their comparative evaluation of Indian and Islamic rhetoric. By comparing these works some differences between Indian and Islamic rhetoric are revealed including poetic motives, simile, poetic devices, etc.

Keywords:

Indian rhetoric (Alankar) , Literary currents , Safavids Ruled , poetic devices